Preen

Preen is a term used in the context of bird behavior, specifically referring to the grooming behavior exhibited by birds. Birds preen primarily to remove dust, parasites and other debris from their feathers and to align each feather in the optimum position relative to adjacent feathers and body shape. This behavior is also known as Plumage Maintenance.

Etymology

The term 'preen' originates from the Old English word 'pren', which means to trim or dress something. Over time, it has come to be associated specifically with the grooming behavior of birds.

Preening Behavior

Birds preen their feathers to keep them in the best condition. While preening, birds will often spread a waxy secretion from their preen gland, also known as the uropygial gland, over their feathers. This secretion helps to keep the feathers flexible and waterproof. Some bird species also have a special preening behavior where they use their beaks to apply these secretions to their feathers.

Preen Gland

The preen gland or uropygial gland is a special gland possessed by the majority of birds, used to produce the preen oil that birds use during preening. The gland is located near the base of the tail and can vary in size and shape depending on the species of bird.

Importance of Preening

Preening is essential for birds to maintain their feathers in good condition. Feathers are crucial for flight, thermal regulation, and display. Preening helps to realign feathers, remove parasites, and apply protective oils. It also helps birds to stay waterproof and insulated, and can also play a role in social bonding if birds preen each other, a behavior known as allopreening.

See Also

• Bird behavior
• Feather
• Plumage Maintenance
• Allopreening