Prehistoric technology

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Axe_of_iron_from_Swedish_Iron_Age,_found_at_Gotland,_Sweden

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Prehistoric technology refers to the technological advancements and tools developed by humans during the prehistoric period, which spans from the earliest use of stone tools by hominins around 3.3 million years ago to the advent of writing systems and recorded history. This period is divided into several distinct ages, each characterized by significant technological developments.

Stone Age[edit | edit source]

The Stone Age is the earliest period of prehistoric technology and is divided into three main phases: the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic.

Paleolithic[edit | edit source]

The Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) is the longest phase of human history, lasting from approximately 3.3 million years ago to around 10,000 BCE. During this period, early humans developed basic stone tools such as hand axes, choppers, and flakes. The use of fire, hunting, and gathering were also significant aspects of Paleolithic life.

Mesolithic[edit | edit source]

The Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) marks the transition between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, roughly from 10,000 BCE to 5,000 BCE. This era saw the development of microliths, small stone tools that were often used as components of composite tools and weapons. The Mesolithic period also witnessed the beginnings of settled communities and the domestication of plants and animals.

Neolithic[edit | edit source]

The Neolithic (New Stone Age) began around 10,000 BCE and is characterized by the advent of agriculture, which led to the establishment of permanent settlements. Neolithic technology included polished stone tools, pottery, weaving, and the construction of megalithic structures such as Stonehenge.

Bronze Age[edit | edit source]

The Bronze Age followed the Neolithic period and began around 3,300 BCE. This era is defined by the use of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, for tools and weapons. The development of metallurgy allowed for more durable and efficient tools, which facilitated advancements in agriculture, warfare, and art. The Bronze Age also saw the rise of early civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley Civilization.

Iron Age[edit | edit source]

The Iron Age began around 1,200 BCE and is characterized by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. Iron technology provided significant advantages over bronze, including greater strength and availability. This period saw the further development of urban centers, trade networks, and complex societies. Notable Iron Age civilizations include Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and the Celtic tribes of Europe.