Prestin

Prestin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A5 gene. Prestin is found in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the inner ear and is believed to be directly involved in the mechanism that allows these cells to electromotively "change their length" or "dance" in response to variations in sound pressure, a process known as electromotility. This electromotility is a key component in the amplification and fine-tuning of sound within the cochlea.

Structure

Prestin is a member of the SLC26 family of anion transporters, but unlike other members of this family, it does not appear to function primarily as a transporter. Instead, it acts as a molecular motor, converting electrical energy into mechanical work. The protein is composed of 744 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 81 kDa.

Function

Prestin's function is closely tied to its unique structure. It is thought to act as a voltage-sensitive motor protein, changing its conformation in response to changes in the electrical potential across the OHC membrane. This conformational change is believed to be responsible for the rapid length changes observed in OHCs in response to electrical stimulation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the SLC26A5 gene can lead to hearing loss. This is because the proper functioning of prestin is crucial for the amplification of sound in the cochlea. Without this amplification, the signals sent to the brain are too weak to be processed into meaningful sound information.

See also

• SLC26A5
• Outer hair cell
• Cochlea
• Hearing loss