Tail of Spence

Tail of Spence

The Tail of Spence, also known as the axillary tail, is an extension of the breast tissue that extends into the axilla (armpit). It is named after the Scottish surgeon James Spence, who first described this anatomical feature. The Tail of Spence is significant in the context of breast cancer and other breast-related pathologies, as it is a common site for the spread of malignant cells.

Anatomy

The Tail of Spence is a triangular area of breast tissue that extends from the upper outer quadrant of the breast into the axilla. It is composed of the same glandular, connective, and fatty tissues found in the rest of the breast. The presence of this extension means that breast tissue can be found in the axillary region, which is important for both clinical examination and imaging studies.

Clinical Significance

The Tail of Spence is clinically significant for several reasons:

• It is a common site for the development of breast cancer.
• During a breast examination, it is important to palpate the Tail of Spence to check for any abnormalities.
• In breast imaging techniques such as mammography and ultrasound, the Tail of Spence must be included to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the breast tissue.

Pathology

The Tail of Spence can be involved in various pathological conditions, including:

• Breast cancer: Malignant cells can spread to the Tail of Spence, making it a critical area to examine during cancer screenings.
• Mastitis: Inflammation of the breast tissue can extend into the Tail of Spence, causing pain and swelling in the axillary region.
• Fibrocystic breast changes: Benign changes in the breast tissue can also affect the Tail of Spence, leading to lumps or cysts that may be palpable during a clinical examination.

Examination

During a clinical breast examination, healthcare providers should include the Tail of Spence in their assessment. This involves palpating the axillary region to check for any lumps, tenderness, or other abnormalities. Proper examination techniques are crucial for early detection of breast cancer and other breast-related conditions.

Imaging

Imaging studies such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI should include the Tail of Spence to ensure a thorough evaluation of the breast tissue. Radiologists must be aware of this anatomical feature to avoid missing any potential abnormalities.

Surgical Considerations

In breast surgery, particularly in procedures such as mastectomy or lumpectomy, the Tail of Spence may need to be addressed. Surgeons must be aware of its presence to ensure complete removal of malignant tissue and to minimize the risk of recurrence.

History

The Tail of Spence is named after James Spence, a 19th-century Scottish surgeon who first described this anatomical feature. His contributions to the understanding of breast anatomy have had a lasting impact on the field of breast surgery and oncology.

See Also

• Breast cancer
• Mammography
• Breast examination
• Mastitis
• Fibrocystic breast changes