Deep femoral artery

Anatomy of the deep femoral artery

The deep femoral artery, also known as the profunda femoris artery, is a major blood vessel in the thigh that supplies oxygenated blood to the deep structures of the thigh, including the femur, the quadriceps femoris muscle, and other muscles and tissues. It is a critical component of the circulatory system in the lower limb.

Anatomy

Cross-section of the thigh showing the deep femoral artery

The deep femoral artery branches off from the femoral artery in the upper part of the thigh. It typically arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery, approximately 3-5 cm below the inguinal ligament.

Course

The deep femoral artery descends in the thigh, running posteriorly and medially to the femoral artery. It travels deep to the sartorius muscle and the adductor longus muscle, and it is accompanied by the profunda femoris vein.

Branches

The deep femoral artery gives off several important branches:

• Medial circumflex femoral artery: This artery supplies blood to the head and neck of the femur and the surrounding muscles.
• Lateral circumflex femoral artery: This artery supplies the lateral aspect of the thigh and contributes to the blood supply of the hip joint.
• Perforating arteries: These arteries penetrate the adductor magnus muscle to supply the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Function

The primary function of the deep femoral artery is to supply blood to the deep structures of the thigh. It plays a crucial role in providing oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and bones of the thigh, supporting their function and health.

Clinical significance

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Anatomical dissection showing the deep femoral artery

The deep femoral artery is significant in various clinical contexts. It is often involved in peripheral artery disease, where atherosclerosis can lead to reduced blood flow and claudication. It is also a common site for arterial embolism and can be involved in traumatic injuries to the thigh.

In surgical procedures, such as femoral artery bypass or vascular grafting, the deep femoral artery may be used as a site for anastomosis or as a source of collateral circulation.

Related pages

• Femoral artery
• Circumflex femoral arteries
• Peripheral artery disease
• Thigh