Prokaryote
Prokaryote
A Prokaryote is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. This means that all the genetic material is freely floating in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes are usually single-celled organisms and are classified into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea.
Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Prokaryotes are typically much smaller than eukaryotic cells. They have a variety of shapes, the most common of which are spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), and spiral (spirillum). Some prokaryotes have flagella or pili for locomotion.
Genetics[edit | edit source]
Prokaryotes have a single, circular chromosome that is not contained within a nucleus. They also have plasmids, which are small, circular pieces of DNA that can be transferred between cells.
Reproduction[edit | edit source]
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission. Some prokaryotes can also exchange genetic material through a process called horizontal gene transfer.
Ecology[edit | edit source]
Prokaryotes are found in nearly every environment on Earth. They play many important roles in ecosystems, such as decomposing organic material and fixing nitrogen.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria are the most diverse and well-known group of prokaryotes. Archaea were originally classified as bacteria, but they are genetically and biochemically distinct.
Health and disease[edit | edit source]
While many prokaryotes are beneficial, some can cause diseases. These pathogenic prokaryotes are a major cause of human illness.
See also[edit | edit source]
Prokaryote Resources | ||
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