Prokineticin receptor 1

Prokineticin receptor 1

Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. It is encoded by the PROKR1 gene and is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, reproductive system, and gastrointestinal tract.

Structure

PKR1 belongs to the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors. It consists of seven transmembrane helices, an extracellular N-terminus, and an intracellular C-terminus. The receptor undergoes conformational changes upon ligand binding, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways.

Function

PKR1 is the receptor for prokineticins, a family of small secreted proteins that regulate diverse biological processes. Upon binding to PKR1, prokineticins activate intracellular signaling cascades, including the Gαq/11 and Gαs pathways. These pathways mediate various cellular responses, such as calcium mobilization, cAMP production, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).

The activation of PKR1 has been implicated in several physiological functions, including regulation of circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Additionally, PKR1 is involved in the control of reproductive processes, such as fertility, pregnancy, and parturition.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PROKR1 gene have been associated with various disorders. Loss-of-function mutations in PKR1 have been linked to Kallmann syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia (lack of sense of smell). This suggests that PKR1 is essential for the development and function of the reproductive system and olfactory system.

Furthermore, dysregulation of PKR1 signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Targeting PKR1 signaling pathways may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of these conditions.

See Also

• Prokineticin receptor 2
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Kallmann syndrome