Prokineticin receptor 2

Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is encoded by the PROKR2 gene in humans. This receptor is part of the prokineticin receptor family, which also includes Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1). PROKR2 is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of circadian rhythms, reproductive functions, and the modulation of pain perception.

Structure

PROKR2 is a transmembrane protein that spans the cell membrane seven times, characteristic of GPCRs. It has an extracellular N-terminus, seven transmembrane helices, three extracellular loops, three intracellular loops, and an intracellular C-terminus. The receptor binds to its ligands, prokineticins, which are small secreted proteins.

Function

PROKR2 primarily binds to prokineticin 2 (PROK2), a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various biological functions. Upon binding to PROK2, PROKR2 activates intracellular signaling pathways through the interaction with G proteins. This activation leads to various cellular responses, including the modulation of ion channels, changes in cell motility, and alterations in gene expression.

Circadian Rhythms

PROKR2 is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which is the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals. It plays a significant role in the synchronization of circadian rhythms by mediating the effects of PROK2 on the SCN neurons.

Reproductive Functions

Mutations in the PROKR2 gene have been associated with Kallmann syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired sense of smell. PROKR2 is involved in the migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons during embryonic development, which is crucial for normal reproductive function.

Pain Perception

PROKR2 is also implicated in the modulation of pain perception. It is expressed in various regions of the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, where it can influence pain signaling pathways.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PROKR2 gene can lead to various clinical conditions, including Kallmann syndrome and other reproductive disorders. Understanding the role of PROKR2 in these conditions can help in the development of targeted therapies.

Related Pages

• Prokineticin receptor 1
• Prokineticin 2
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Suprachiasmatic nucleus
• Kallmann syndrome
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone