Propyl alcohol

Propyl alcohol, also known as propanol, is a colorless liquid made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. It is a primary alcohol with the formula C3H8O. This compound is classified as a primary alcohol because the carbon atom that carries the -OH group is only attached to one other carbon atom. It is a structural isomer of isopropanol.

Production

Propyl alcohol is produced through the hydration of propene. The process involves the reaction of propene and water, in the presence of a strong acid. The production of propyl alcohol from propene is a major industrial method.

Properties

Propyl alcohol is a three-carbon chain alcohol and has a molecular weight of 60.1 g/mol. It has a boiling point of 97.2°C and a melting point of -126°C. It is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform.

Uses

Propyl alcohol is used in a variety of applications. It is used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for resins and cellulose esters. It is also used in the manufacture of cosmetics and personal care products, where it functions as a viscosity decreasing agent. In addition, it is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a variety of chemicals and products, including plasticizers, herbicides, and dyes.

Health Effects

Exposure to propyl alcohol can have several health effects. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys.

Safety and Handling

When handling propyl alcohol, appropriate safety measures should be taken. This includes wearing protective clothing and eye protection, and ensuring adequate ventilation. In case of a spill, absorb with inert material and place in a suitable container for disposal.

See Also

• Ethanol
• Methanol
• Isopropanol