Prostaglandin F2α

Prostaglandin F2α (also known as PGF2α) is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine. It is a type of fatty acid that is derived from arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Prostaglandin F2α is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.

Structure and Synthesis

Prostaglandin F2α is a 20-carbon molecule that contains a five-membered ring, two side chains, and a carboxylic acid group. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid through the action of the cyclooxygenase enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. The process involves the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) by the cyclooxygenase activity of the enzymes, followed by the conversion of PGH2 to PGF2α by the prostaglandin F synthase enzyme.

Function

Prostaglandin F2α has diverse biological effects. It is a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor, and it also stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle. In the female reproductive system, PGF2α plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and in the initiation of labor. It is also involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure, and it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma.

Medical Use

In medicine, synthetic analogs of prostaglandin F2α, such as dinoprost and carboprost, are used for various purposes. Dinoprost is used to induce labor and to treat postpartum hemorrhage, while carboprost is used to treat severe postpartum hemorrhage that is not responsive to other drugs.

Side Effects

The use of prostaglandin F2α and its analogs can have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. In some cases, it can cause severe allergic reactions.

See Also

• Prostaglandin
• Arachidonic acid
• Cyclooxygenase
• Dinoprost
• Carboprost