Parturition

Parturition is the process of childbirth, from the start of uterine contractions to the delivery of the placenta. This process is divided into three stages: the first stage involves the onset of contractions and ends with full cervical dilation; the second stage involves the delivery of the fetus; and the third stage involves the delivery of the placenta.

First Stage of Parturition

The first stage of parturition is characterized by the onset of uterine contractions. These contractions are initially irregular and infrequent, but they become more regular and frequent over time. The contractions cause the cervix to dilate, or open, to allow the fetus to pass through. This stage ends when the cervix is fully dilated, which is typically 10 centimeters in diameter.

Second Stage of Parturition

The second stage of parturition involves the delivery of the fetus. This stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when the fetus is delivered. The mother pushes during contractions to help move the fetus down the birth canal. The position of the fetus can affect the ease of delivery. The most common position is the vertex presentation, where the fetus's head is down.

Third Stage of Parturition

The third stage of parturition involves the delivery of the placenta. After the fetus is delivered, the uterus continues to contract to expel the placenta. This stage typically lasts between 5 and 30 minutes. The placenta is examined to ensure that it is intact, as any remaining pieces can cause complications.

Complications

Complications can occur during any stage of parturition. These can include prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and birth injuries. Prolonged labor can be caused by a variety of factors, including a large fetus, a small birth canal, or weak contractions. Postpartum hemorrhage can occur if the uterus does not contract properly after the delivery of the placenta. Birth injuries can occur due to the position of the fetus or the use of forceps or vacuum during delivery.

See Also

• Childbirth
• Obstetrics
• Midwifery

Parturition Resources
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