Protein–ligand complex

Protein–ligand complex is a broad term used in biochemistry and pharmacology to describe a molecule of protein that is bound to a ligand. This complex plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and cell signaling.

Overview

A protein is a large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids. A ligand is a small molecule that binds to a specific site on a protein. The binding of a ligand to a protein can alter the protein's structure and function, leading to a biological response.

Formation of Protein–ligand complex

The formation of a protein–ligand complex involves the interaction of a protein with a ligand. This interaction is typically non-covalent and reversible, although some protein–ligand complexes can form covalent bonds. The binding site on the protein where the ligand binds is often a cavity or groove on the protein's surface.

Role in Biological Functions

Protein–ligand complexes play a crucial role in many biological functions. For example, they are involved in the regulation of gene expression, the transmission of cellular signals, and the catalysis of biochemical reactions. In addition, protein–ligand complexes are often the targets of drugs, which bind to the protein and modulate its activity.

Drug Design

In drug design, understanding the structure and function of protein–ligand complexes is crucial. By studying these complexes, scientists can design drugs that bind to specific proteins and alter their activity, leading to a therapeutic effect.

See Also

• Protein–protein interaction
• Enzyme inhibitor
• Receptor (biochemistry)
• Drug design