Proteolytic

Proteolytic enzymes, also known as proteases, peptidases, or proteinases, are enzymes that perform proteolysis. Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids. This is a crucial process in many biological functions, including digestion, cell cycle progression, and immune response.

Function

Proteolytic enzymes are involved in many biological processes. They play a key role in digestion, where they break down dietary proteins into their component amino acids for absorption. In the immune system, proteases help to destroy invading pathogens and remove damaged cells. They are also involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, helping to control cell growth and division.

Classification

Proteolytic enzymes can be classified based on their mechanism of action. There are four main classes: serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases. Each class uses a different chemical mechanism to break down proteins.

Role in Disease

Abnormalities in proteolytic enzymes can lead to disease. For example, mutations in the genes encoding these enzymes can result in conditions such as cystic fibrosis and emphysema. Additionally, overactivity of proteases can lead to tissue damage and inflammation, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.

See Also

• Enzyme
• Protein
• Amino acid
• Digestion
• Immune system
• Cell cycle
• Cystic fibrosis
• Emphysema
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Cancer

References

Proteolytic Resources
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