Proventricular dilatation disease

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), also known as avian bornavirus ganglioneuritis (ABG), is a fatal, infectious disease that affects the nervous system of birds. It is characterized by the inflammation of the nerves, leading to the dilation of the proventriculus and the ventriculus (the bird's stomach). The disease is caused by the Avian bornavirus (ABV).

Symptoms

The symptoms of proventricular dilatation disease vary widely and can be subtle or severe. They include:

• Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
• Undigested food in droppings
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Weakness
• Depression
• Neurological disorders such as tremors, imbalance, and abnormal head movements

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PDD is challenging due to the wide range of symptoms and the lack of a definitive diagnostic test. Veterinarians may use a combination of history, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests such as radiography, endoscopy, and histopathology. A definitive diagnosis can only be made through a biopsy of the crop or proventriculus.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for PDD. Treatment is supportive and aimed at managing symptoms. This may include fluid therapy, nutritional support, and medication to control vomiting. Birds with PDD often require lifelong care.

Prevention

Prevention of PDD involves good biosecurity practices such as quarantine and testing of new birds, regular cleaning and disinfection of cages and equipment, and avoiding contact between healthy and sick birds.

Research

Research into PDD is ongoing. Current areas of focus include the development of a vaccine and improved diagnostic tests.

See also

• Avian diseases
• Avian bornavirus
• Proventriculus
• Ventriculus

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