Prunus emarginata

Prunus emarginata 15419

Prunus emarginata, commonly known as the bitter cherry or Oregon cherry, is a species of cherry native to western North America, ranging from British Columbia in Canada down to California in the United States. This deciduous tree or shrub belongs to the Rosaceae family, which includes many other fruit-bearing plants and trees. Prunus emarginata is notable for its adaptability to various habitats, from moist forests to dry slopes, and its role in the ecosystem as a source of food for wildlife.

Description

Prunus emarginata typically grows as a small tree or large shrub, reaching heights of 4 to 10 meters. It has a slender trunk with smooth, reddish-brown bark that becomes more scaly with age. The leaves are simple, ovate to oblong, 2 to 7 cm long, with finely toothed margins and a characteristic small notch at the tip, which is referred to in its specific epithet "emarginata" (meaning "notched"). In spring, the tree produces small, white to pinkish flowers in clusters, followed by the development of small, round, red to purple cherries. These fruits are edible but have a bitter taste, hence the common name.

Habitat and Distribution

Prunus emarginata is found in a variety of habitats, from sea level to mountainous regions, preferring moist locations. It is adaptable and can also be found in drier areas, making it a versatile species within its range. Its presence is significant in mixed hardwood forests, along streams, and in open areas where it contributes to the biodiversity and stability of the ecosystems.

Ecological Role

The bitter cherry plays an important role in its ecosystem, providing food for numerous species of birds and mammals. The flowers are a source of nectar for bees and other pollinators, while the cherries are consumed by birds, bears, and small mammals. The tree also serves as a host plant for various butterfly and moth species. Its ability to colonize disturbed sites makes it valuable for habitat restoration and erosion control.

Uses

While the fruit of Prunus emarginata is too bitter for most human tastes, it has been used by Indigenous peoples of North America for medicinal purposes and as a food source when other resources are scarce. The wood is hard and durable, making it suitable for tool handles and other small woodcrafts.

Conservation

Prunus emarginata does not currently face any major threats and is considered to be of least concern for conservation purposes. However, maintaining its habitat is crucial for the continued support of the biodiversity it nurtures.

See Also

• Prunus
• Cherry
• Rosaceae
• Wildlife garden