Prussic acid

Prussic Acid

Prussic acid, also known as Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). It is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen.

History

Prussic acid was first synthesized in 1782 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who obtained it by heating blue vitriol, (Copper(II) sulfate), with carbon in the form of charcoal. This process, which does not form cyanide ions, is a type of redox reaction.

Production

Prussic acid is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valuable precursor to many chemical compounds, ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. The main method of production is the Andrussow process, which involves the reaction of methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst, such as platinum or rhodium.

Properties

Prussic acid is a weak acid and partially ionizes in solution to give the cyanide ion, CN-. The salts of prussic acid are known as cyanides. It is highly toxic and can be absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or ingested.

Uses

Prussic acid is used in the production of acrylonitrile, which is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, plastics, and resins. It is also used in the production of sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide, which are used in gold mining and for the electroplating of metals.

Safety and Health Effects

Exposure to prussic acid can cause a range of health effects, from headaches and confusion to seizures and death. It is considered a chemical asphyxiant, as it inhibits the body's ability to use oxygen.

See Also

• Cyanide poisoning
• Cyanide
• Hydrocyanic acid