Pseudohypericin

Pseudohypericin is a phytochemical compound found in the Hypericum genus of plants, most notably in Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's wort. It is one of the two primary active constituents of St. John's wort, along with hypericin.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Pseudohypericin has a complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure. It is a dianthrone, a type of anthraquinone derivative. The molecular formula of pseudohypericin is C₃₀H₁₆O₈. It is a yellow crystalline solid at room temperature and is soluble in ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Biological Activity

Pseudohypericin exhibits a range of biological activities. It is known for its antiviral properties, particularly against retroviruses. It has also been studied for its potential antidepressant effects, although the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood.

In addition, pseudohypericin has photosensitizing properties. When exposed to light, it can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to phototoxicity. This property has been exploited in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of certain types of cancer.

Pharmacology

The pharmacokinetics of pseudohypericin are not well-studied. However, it is known that it is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile.

Safety and Toxicity

Due to its photosensitizing properties, pseudohypericin can cause photodermatitis, a skin reaction caused by exposure to light. This is a common side effect of taking St. John's wort supplements. Other potential side effects include gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, and fatigue.

See Also

• Hypericin
• Hypericum perforatum
• Phytochemistry
• Photodynamic therapy