Pseudomorphine

Pseudomorphine is an opioid alkaloid that is a structural isomer of morphine. It is found in trace amounts in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and is produced during the biosynthesis of morphine and other opioids. Pseudomorphine is not used medically due to its low potency and undesirable side effects.

Chemistry

Pseudomorphine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, like all opioids. It is structurally similar to morphine, but with a different arrangement of the atoms in the molecule. The chemical formula of pseudomorphine is C17H19NO3.

Biosynthesis

Pseudomorphine is produced in the opium poppy during the biosynthesis of morphine and other opioids. It is formed from the precursor thebaine through a series of enzymatic reactions. The exact pathway of pseudomorphine biosynthesis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the action of several enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes and glucosyltransferases.

Pharmacology

Pseudomorphine has low opioid receptor affinity and is therefore not used medically. It has been found to have some analgesic activity in animal studies, but this is much less than that of morphine. Pseudomorphine also has undesirable side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression.

Toxicology

The toxicity of pseudomorphine is not well studied, but it is known to be less toxic than morphine. However, like all opioids, it has the potential to cause addiction and overdose if used improperly.

See also

• Morphine
• Opioid
• Opium poppy
• Thebaine