Pulmonary emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is characterized by the destruction of the lung tissue, specifically the alveoli and the bronchioles. This results in a decrease in respiratory function and breathlessness.

Causes

The primary cause of pulmonary emphysema is smoking, but it can also be caused by other factors such as air pollution, occupational dust, and genetic predisposition. A rare genetic disorder known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can also cause emphysema.

Symptoms

The main symptom of pulmonary emphysema is shortness of breath, which is often accompanied by a chronic cough, wheezing, and fatigue. In severe cases, patients may also experience weight loss, decreased mental alertness, and cyanosis (a bluish coloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels).

Diagnosis

Pulmonary emphysema is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, patient history, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) scan.

Treatment

While there is no cure for pulmonary emphysema, treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplantation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary emphysema varies depending on the severity of the disease, the patient's overall health, and their response to treatment. However, with proper management, most individuals with emphysema can lead active and fulfilling lives.

See also

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Lung transplantation

Pulmonary emphysema Resources
Latest articles Most recent articles Ongoing trials	Wikipedia