Pyrogallic acid

Pyrogallic Acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(OH)3. It is a white, water-soluble solid although samples are typically brownish because of its sensitivity to air and light. Pyrogallic acid was first obtained by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1826 and by Pierre Jean Robiquet from gallnuts.

History

Pyrogallic acid was first prepared by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1826 and independently by the French chemist Pierre Jean Robiquet in the same year. It was obtained by heating gallic acid, a compound found in gallnuts. The name "pyrogallic" comes from the Greek words "pyro" meaning fire and "gall" referring to gallnuts.

Properties and Structure

Pyrogallic acid is a white crystalline solid that turns brown upon exposure to air and light due to oxidation. It is highly soluble in water and alcohol. The compound has three hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a benzene ring, making it a type of phenol.

Uses

Pyrogallic acid has been used in various applications throughout history. It was used in the development of photographic films and papers, acting as a reducing agent in the developer solution. It has also been used in the production of hair dyes and inks. In the field of chemistry, pyrogallic acid is used as a reagent for the detection of oxygen and other oxidizing agents.

Safety and Health Effects

Pyrogallic acid is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. It can cause burns and eye damage. Chronic exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage. It is classified as a hazardous substance and should be handled with care.

See Also

• Gallic Acid
• Phenol
• Organic Chemistry