Pyxis (vessel)

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Pyxis Peleus Thetis Louvre L55 by Wedding Painter

Pyxis (plural: pyxides) is a type of ancient Greek vessel, typically cylindrical in shape, with a separate lid. These containers were primarily used by women to store cosmetics, jewelry, or other personal items. The term "pyxis" is derived from the Greek word "πυξίς" (pyxis), which means "box."

History

The pyxis has its origins in the Geometric period of ancient Greece, around the 8th century BCE. Early examples were made of pottery, but later versions were also crafted from materials such as ivory, metal, and wood. The design and decoration of pyxides evolved over time, reflecting the artistic styles of different periods, including the Archaic period, the Classical period, and the Hellenistic period.

Design and Decoration

Pyxides are characterized by their cylindrical shape and separate lid, which often features a knob or handle for easy removal. The body of the vessel is typically decorated with intricate patterns, scenes from mythology, or everyday life. Common decorative techniques include black-figure and red-figure painting, as well as incised and relief designs.

Uses

The primary function of the pyxis was to store personal items such as cosmetics, jewelry, and small trinkets. They were commonly found in the private quarters of women and were often included in grave goods as part of burial practices. The presence of pyxides in tombs suggests their importance in daily life and their role in the afterlife.

Notable Examples

Several notable examples of pyxides have been discovered in archaeological sites across Greece and the wider Mediterranean region. These include the Dipylon Master's pyxis, which is renowned for its detailed geometric patterns, and the Berlin Painter's pyxis, which features exquisite red-figure decoration.

Related Vessels

The pyxis is one of several types of ancient Greek vessels used for storage and personal use. Other related vessels include the lekythos, used for storing oil, and the alabastron, used for holding perfumes.

See Also

• Ancient Greek pottery
• Geometric art
• Archaic Greece
• Classical Greece
• Hellenistic Greece