Lekythos

Apollonia Painter - Red-Figure %22Kerch%22-Style Lekythos - Walters 4884 - Right

Lekythos (plural: Lekythoi) is a type of ancient Greek pottery used primarily for storing oil, especially olive oil. Lekythoi were commonly used in funerary rituals and were often placed in or around graves as offerings to the deceased.

Description

Lekythoi are characterized by their narrow bodies and a single handle attached to the neck of the vessel. They typically have a small mouth, which makes them suitable for pouring liquids in small quantities. The shape of the lekythos evolved over time, with variations in the form and decoration reflecting different periods and styles of ancient Greek art.

Types of Lekythoi

There are several types of lekythoi, each with distinct features:

• White-ground lekythos: These lekythoi are known for their white slip, which provided a background for detailed painted scenes. The white-ground technique was particularly popular during the Classical period.
• Black-figure lekythos: This type features black figures painted on the natural red clay of the vessel. The black-figure technique was prevalent during the Archaic period.
• Red-figure lekythos: In contrast to the black-figure technique, red-figure lekythoi have red figures against a black background. This style became dominant in the late Archaic and early Classical periods.

Function and Use

Lekythoi were primarily used to store and pour oil, which was an essential commodity in ancient Greece. Olive oil was used for various purposes, including cooking, lighting, and personal grooming. In funerary contexts, lekythoi were often used to anoint the bodies of the deceased or to pour libations during burial ceremonies.

Decoration and Iconography

The decoration on lekythoi often depicted scenes related to daily life, mythology, and funerary practices. Common motifs included funerary processions, mythological figures, and scenes of domestic life. The white-ground lekythoi, in particular, are noted for their delicate and detailed paintings, which provide valuable insights into ancient Greek culture and beliefs.

Historical Context

Lekythoi were produced from the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC, with the height of their popularity occurring during the Classical period. They were made in various regions of Greece, including Athens, which was a major center for pottery production.

Archaeological Findings

Many lekythoi have been discovered in archaeological sites across Greece and other parts of the ancient world. These findings have provided significant information about ancient Greek burial customs and the role of oil in their daily and ritualistic practices.

Gallery

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  Example of a white-ground lekythos

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  Example of a black-figure lekythos

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  Example of a red-figure lekythos

See Also

• Ancient Greek pottery
• Funerary art
• Oil lamp
• Amphora
• Krater