Immunoglobulin E

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) that has only been found in mammals. It plays an essential role in the body's immune system. IgE has been associated with various allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Structure

IgE's structure is a typical four-chain structure, consisting of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing approximately 550 amino acids.

Function

IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths like Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Fasciola hepatica. IgE may also be important during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum.

Role in disease

High IgE levels also occur in patients with parasitic infections, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. IgE also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as: food, certain medications, and venom toxins.

Clinical significance

IgE is known to be elevated in various allergic diseases. In allergic individuals, antigens (also called allergens) stimulate the production of IgE, which binds to mast cells and basophils in the body. This triggers these cells to release inflammatory chemicals like histamine.

See also

• Allergy
• Immunoglobulin
• Mast cell
• Basophil

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