Red Hair

Red Hair is a hair color that naturally occurs in human beings. It ranges from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper hues. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment Pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment Eumelanin.

Genetics

Red hair is associated with the gene MC1R, a receptor gene that influences the production of melanin. The MC1R variant gene that gives people red hair generally results in skin that is unable to tan. Because of the natural tanning reaction to the sun's ultraviolet light and high amounts of pheomelanin in the skin, freckles are a common but not universal feature of red-haired people.

Distribution and History

Red hair is most commonly found in the northern and western parts of Europe, particularly in Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.

Historically, red hair has been associated with certain stereotypes and folklore. In ancient times, redheads were often considered to be witches or vampires. In more recent times, red hair has been associated with fiery temperaments and strong personalities.

Cultural Significance

Red hair has significant cultural impact. It has been the subject of many stereotypes and stigmas, such as the "fiery redhead" stereotype. In various times and cultures, red hair has been prized, feared, and ridiculed.

Health Implications

Redheads are more prone to certain health conditions, such as skin cancer, due to their skin being less able to protect against UV radiation. They also have a different response to pain and anesthesia, which is believed to be due to the MC1R gene.

See Also

• Hair color
• Human genetic variation
• MC1R