Red pulp

Red pulp is a component of the spleen that acts as a filter for the blood. It is named for its red appearance, due to the high number of red blood cells that pass through it.

Structure

The red pulp of the spleen is made up of a network of sinusoids filled with blood, and separated by regions of reticular connective tissue known as the cords of Billroth. These cords contain large numbers of red blood cells, as well as other cells of the immune system, such as macrophages.

Function

The primary function of the red pulp is to filter the blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood cells. The macrophages in the red pulp phagocytose (engulf and destroy) these unwanted materials, and the filtered blood is then returned to the circulation.

The red pulp also serves as a reservoir for a large number of platelets, which can be rapidly released into the bloodstream in response to injury or inflammation.

Clinical significance

Diseases and conditions that affect the red pulp can have a significant impact on overall health. For example, in sickle cell disease, the abnormal shape of the red blood cells can lead to their premature destruction in the red pulp, resulting in anemia. Infections, such as malaria, can also affect the function of the red pulp.

Splenectomy, or surgical removal of the spleen, can lead to a decrease in the body's ability to filter out harmful substances from the blood and can increase the risk of certain types of infections.

See also

• White pulp
• Spleen
• Immune system