Ridged-eye flounder

Pleuronichthys cornutus at Osaka aquarium

Ridged-eye flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus) is a species of flatfish in the family Pleuronectidae, which is native to the Pacific Ocean, particularly found in the waters off the coasts of Japan, Korea, and China. This species is distinguished by its unique eye structure and the ridges above its eyes, from which its common name is derived. The ridged-eye flounder is a bottom-dwelling fish, inhabiting sandy and muddy sea floors where it can camouflage itself effectively against predators and prey alike.

Description

The ridged-eye flounder has a highly compressed body, typical of flatfish, with both eyes located on the right side of its body. This adaptation allows it to lie flat on the ocean floor while keeping a lookout for predators and prey. The body coloration is designed to blend in with the sandy or muddy bottoms, featuring various shades of brown and beige with occasional spots and patterns for additional camouflage. Adult specimens can reach lengths of up to 30 cm, though most are smaller.

Habitat and Distribution

This species is predominantly found in the northwest Pacific Ocean, with a range extending from the coastal waters of Japan, through Korea, and down to China. It prefers shallow waters, typically from the intertidal zone down to depths of around 200 meters. The ridged-eye flounder is a demersal fish, meaning it lives and feeds on or near the bottom of the sea.

Diet

The diet of the ridged-eye flounder consists mainly of small fish, crustaceans, and other invertebrates found on the sea floor. It is an opportunistic feeder, lying in wait for prey to come close before striking.

Reproduction

Little is detailed about the specific reproductive habits of the ridged-eye flounder. However, like many flatfish, it is presumed to have a seasonal spawning period during which females release eggs into the water column. These eggs then float freely, hatching into larval fish that are initially symmetrical. As they mature, one eye migrates to the other side of the body, and the young flounder begins its life on the ocean floor.

Conservation Status

Currently, there is no specific conservation status listed for the ridged-eye flounder by major conservation organizations. However, as with many species, habitat degradation, pollution, and overfishing could potentially impact its populations. Monitoring and research are necessary to ensure the species remains abundant.

Culinary Uses

In regions where it is found, the ridged-eye flounder is sometimes consumed as a food fish. It is appreciated for its delicate flavor and texture, often prepared grilled, fried, or used in various traditional dishes. However, it is not as commercially significant as some other flatfish species.

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