Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
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Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide is a combination medication used in the treatment of tuberculosis. This medication combines three active ingredients: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Each component of the Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide medication works differently to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
- Rifampicin works by inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in bacterial cells, thus preventing the bacteria from synthesizing RNA and proteins.
- Isoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by bacterial catalase. Once activated, it inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, a component of the bacterial cell wall.
- Pyrazinamide is also a prodrug that is converted to pyrazinoic acid in the body. This active metabolite disrupts membrane potential and interferes with energy production in the bacteria.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Like all medications, Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide can cause side effects. Common side effects include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Skin rash
- Fever
- Jaundice
More serious side effects can include liver damage, peripheral neuropathy, and visual disturbances.
Precautions[edit | edit source]
Before starting treatment with Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide, patients should inform their healthcare provider if they have a history of liver disease, alcoholism, or if they are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Interactions[edit | edit source]
Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide can interact with other medications, including antiretroviral drugs, oral contraceptives, and certain anticoagulants.
Dosage[edit | edit source]
The dosage of Rifampicin/Isoniazid/Pyrazinamide will depend on the patient's weight, age, and overall health status. It is usually taken once daily for a period of two months, followed by four months of treatment with Rifampicin and Isoniazid alone.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
