Robot

HONDA ASIMO

FANUC 6-axis welding robots

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Bulletin - United States National Museum (1959) (20481431946)

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Robot

A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer—capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to their aesthetics.

History

The concept of robots has its origins in ancient myths and folklore, with early stories of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The word robot itself was first introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term was further popularized by the works of Isaac Asimov, a prolific writer of science fiction, who is credited with introducing the Three Laws of Robotics.

Design and Application

Robots can vary greatly in design and function, but they typically share some common features. A robot might include a movable physical structure, a motor of some sort, a sensor system, a power supply, and a computer brain that controls all of these elements. Essentially, robots are used to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive for humans. This includes manufacturing processes, or more exotic applications like space exploration, underwater exploration, and agricultural tasks.

Robots are also increasingly used in medicine, for surgical procedures, and for elder care. In the military, robots are employed in bomb disposal and reconnaissance missions. The field of robotics is closely related to artificial intelligence, as intelligence and learning capabilities are often essential for a robot's functionality.

Ethical and Social Implications

The rise of robots and their increasing presence in daily life raises numerous ethical and social questions. Issues such as job displacement, privacy, and security are of significant concern. Additionally, the development of autonomous robots that can make decisions without human intervention presents a complex set of ethical dilemmas, including the potential for robots to be used in warfare.

Future Directions

The future of robotics promises even greater advances in technology, with potential developments including more sophisticated artificial intelligence, improved sensory systems, and more adaptable and flexible robots. The integration of robots into everyday life is expected to continue, potentially leading to significant changes in how humans live and work.