Rock of Gibraltar

Gibraltar map-en-edit2

Clouds covering the walls of Gibraltar Rock

Gibraltar eastside

1890s G Washington Wilson Gibraltar from Santa Barbara

View of Moorish Castle from Grand Battery

Rock of Gibraltar 1810

Rock of Gibraltar

The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory located in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, near the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is also known as the Jabal Ṭāriq (جبل طارق) in Arabic, from which the name of the territory is derived. The Rock of Gibraltar is a landmark of the region and has been a symbol of strength and resilience throughout history.

Geography

The Rock of Gibraltar stands at the gateway to the Mediterranean Sea, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar and the northern coast of Africa. It rises to a height of 426 meters (1,398 feet) and is primarily composed of Jurassic limestone. This limestone is home to a network of caves and tunnels, both natural and man-made, which have played significant roles throughout Gibraltar's history.

History

The history of the Rock of Gibraltar is as storied as it is long. It was known as one of the Pillars of Hercules in ancient times, marking the limit to the known world. The Rock's strategic importance was recognized early on, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Neanderthals. It has been a focal point for military operations over the centuries due to its strategic position at the entrance to the Mediterranean.

In 711, it was captured by the Moorish leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, from whom its name is derived. The Rock was later reclaimed by the Spanish in 1462. However, its most significant historical event occurred in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession when Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ceded Gibraltar to Britain, and it has remained under British control since, despite numerous Spanish attempts to reclaim it.

Ecology

The Rock of Gibraltar is also known for its rich biodiversity, particularly its population of Barbary macaques, the only wild monkeys found in Europe. These macaques are a major tourist attraction and symbol of Gibraltar. The Rock's unique ecology supports a variety of plants and animals, some of which are endemic to the region.

Economy and Tourism

Tourism is a significant aspect of Gibraltar's economy, with the Rock of Gibraltar being a major attraction. Visitors are drawn to its panoramic views, historical sites, and the famous Barbary macaques. The Upper Rock Nature Reserve offers walking trails, the Moorish Castle, and the Great Siege Tunnels, among other attractions.

Cultural Significance

The Rock of Gibraltar has become a symbol of solidity and reliability, often referred to in the saying "solid as the Rock of Gibraltar." Its image has been used in marketing and branding worldwide, most notably by financial institutions.

See Also

• History of Gibraltar
• Geography of Gibraltar
• Barbary macaques
• Strait of Gibraltar