Roman Charity

Fresco from

Drawing by

Roman Charity (Caritas Romana) is a legendary episode of Roman history that exemplified the virtue of piety (pietas) in Roman culture. The story is about a woman, Pero, who secretly breastfeeds her father, Cimon, to save him from starvation while he is imprisoned and sentenced to death by starvation. This act of filial piety and self-sacrifice has been a popular subject in art, literature, and other cultural expressions throughout Western history.

Story

The narrative of Roman Charity is primarily known through the writings of Valerius Maximus, a Latin writer of the 1st century AD, who included it in his work Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX (Nine Books of Memorable Acts and Sayings). According to the story, Cimon, an elderly Roman citizen, is condemned to die by starvation. His daughter, Pero, visits him in prison and nourishes him by breastfeeding him, thus saving his life. The act is discovered by a jailer, but instead of being punished, the authorities are moved by Pero's devotion and decide to release Cimon.

Themes and Interpretations

The tale of Roman Charity explores themes of family loyalty, the virtue of piety as understood in Roman culture, and the extraordinary measures of self-sacrifice to which it could lead. It also reflects on the moral and ethical standards of the time, showcasing the lengths to which one would go to honor and care for one's parents.

Cultural Impact

Over the centuries, Roman Charity has inspired numerous artists, who have depicted the story in paintings, sculptures, and prints. These artworks often focus on the moment of breastfeeding, capturing the emotional intensity and the moral complexity of the act. The theme has been interpreted in various ways, depending on the cultural and historical context of the artist.

In Renaissance art, the story was revisited with an emphasis on the humanist values of compassion and familial love. Artists like Peter Paul Rubens and Caravaggio have contributed to the theme's popularity by creating their own renditions, which highlight the drama and the virtue of Pero's deed.

In Literature

Roman Charity has also found its way into literature, where it has been referenced or adapted into stories and plays that discuss similar themes of sacrifice, duty, and the bonds of family. The story's moral complexities offer rich material for exploration and interpretation, making it a recurring motif in various literary traditions.

Conclusion

The legend of Roman Charity remains a powerful example of the Roman virtues of piety and familial devotion. Its enduring presence in art and literature speaks to the universal themes of sacrifice, love, and the complex duties that bind families together. Through the ages, the story of Pero and Cimon has continued to inspire and challenge, serving as a testament to the depth of familial bonds and the moral ideals of society.

‎