Root resection

Root resection, also known as apicoectomy, is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the root tip and the surrounding infected tissue of an abscessed tooth. This procedure is typically performed by an endodontist, a specialist in the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the dental pulp or the nerve of the tooth.

Procedure

The root resection procedure begins with the administration of local anesthesia to numb the area. The endodontist then makes an incision in the gum tissue to expose the bone and the surrounding inflamed tissue. The damaged tissue, along with the end of the root tip, is removed. A small filling may be placed in the root to seal the end of the root canal, and a few stitches or sutures are placed in the gingiva to help the tissue heal properly. Over a period of months, the bone heals around the end of the root.

Indications

Root resection is indicated in cases where conventional root canal therapy has failed and a re-treatment is not possible or advisable. Other indications include:

• Severe bone loss in the area of the root tip
• Fractures or cracks in the dental roots
• Non-healing dental abscess or cyst
• Overextended root canal filling material that cannot be corrected by a re-treatment
• Presence of complex root anatomy that is not accessible with conventional root canal treatment

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, root resection has potential risks and complications. These may include:

• Infection or inflammation at the surgical site
• Damage to nearby teeth or dental work
• Sinus communication in case of upper molar surgery
• Nerve damage leading to altered sensation in the lower lip, tongue, or chin

Aftercare

After a root resection, patients may experience some discomfort or slight swelling, both of which are normal post-operative events. Pain medication and antibiotics will be prescribed by the endodontist to alleviate pain and prevent infection. Patients are advised to follow a soft diet and avoid vigorous rinsing for the first 24 hours.

See also

• Dental surgery
• Endodontics
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery