Rosa acicularis

Rosa acicularis 8448

Rosa acicularis, commonly known as the prickly rose, bristly rose, or Arctic rose, is a species of wild rose native to a wide region in North America, including the northern United States, Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, and parts of Asia in Siberia. This species is notable for its adaptability to cold climates and its distinctive sharp, needle-like thorns, which contribute to its common name.

Description

Rosa acicularis is a deciduous shrub growing to 1–3 meters in height. Its stems are covered with sharp, straight prickles, which are often mixed with bristles. The leaves are pinnate, with 5 to 7 leaflets that are ovate-shaped and have serrated margins. The flowers of Rosa acicularis are pink or pale pink, about 3–5 cm in diameter, with five petals. These flowers bloom in late spring to early summer, emitting a subtle, sweet fragrance. The fruit, known as a rose hip, is red to orange, spherical or elongated, and appears in late summer, persisting through the winter.

Habitat and Distribution

Rosa acicularis has a broad range across the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, it is found from the northern tier of the United States through Canada to Alaska and extends into the Arctic Circle. In Asia, its range includes parts of Siberia. This species thrives in a variety of habitats, including forest edges, clearings, riverbanks, and open fields, demonstrating its adaptability to different environmental conditions.

Ecology

The prickly rose plays a significant role in its ecosystem. Its flowers provide nectar and pollen for a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. The dense thickets it forms offer shelter and nesting sites for birds and small mammals. The rose hips are a valuable food source for wildlife, particularly birds and some mammal species, during the winter months when food is scarce.

Cultivation and Uses

While Rosa acicularis is primarily known as a wild species, it is sometimes cultivated for its ornamental value, especially in gardens designed to attract wildlife or in naturalized areas. Its resistance to cold makes it a suitable choice for northern gardens. The rose hips are rich in vitamin C and have been used in traditional medicine and as a food supplement. They can be made into jams, jellies, teas, and syrups.

Conservation

Rosa acicularis is not currently listed as a species of conservation concern. It is widespread and abundant in many areas of its range. However, like many wild species, it could be affected by habitat loss and the changing climate. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its natural habitat and understanding its role in the ecosystem.