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Ruffini Corpuscles

Diagram illustrating the structure of a Ruffini corpuscle.

Ruffini corpuscles, also known as Ruffini's nerve endings, Ruffini's bodies, or Ruffini's end organs, are mechanoreceptors found in the skin that are responsible for the detection of mechanical stimuli such as sustained pressure, stretch, and warmth. They are named after the Italian anatomist Angelo Ruffini, who is credited with their discovery.

Discovery and Historical Context

Angelo Ruffini, born in 1874, was an Italian anatomist whose work in histology led to the discovery of these specialized nerve endings in 1898. His research expanded the understanding of the sensory functions of the integumentary system and nervous system.

Anatomy and Physiology

Morphology

Enclosed in a fibrous capsule, Ruffini corpuscles are spindle-shaped structures intertwined with nerve fibers, capable of detecting deformation within the skin and joint capsules. They are part of the somatosensory system's complex network of receptors.

Histological slide showing the Ruffini corpuscle.

Localization

Located deep within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, Ruffini corpuscles are abundantly present in areas such as the fingertips and joints, contributing to the tactile perception and haptic feedback mechanisms.

Function

Role in Sensation

Ruffini corpuscles are classified as slowly-adapting mechanoreceptors, which means they respond to sustained stimuli, such as constant touch or pressure. They also contribute to the detection of skin stretch, playing a role in the sensation of object manipulation and grasping.

A comparison of mechanoreceptors in the skin, including Ruffini corpuscles.

Contribution to Thermoreception

Beyond their mechanical sensory capabilities, Ruffini corpuscles also respond to temperature changes, particularly moderate heat, linking the sensory experiences of touch and temperature.

Clinical Significance

Malfunction or damage to Ruffini corpuscles, such as that caused by neuropathies, can impair proprioceptive sense and fine motor skills, affecting quality of life.

Angelo Ruffini

Angelo Ruffini's landmark research into sensory receptors has had a lasting influence on various medical and scientific fields, including neuroscience, histology, and rehabilitation medicine.

See Also

• Somatosensory system
• Touch receptor
• Nerve ending
• Sensory neuron
• Histology
• Neuroanatomy
• List of human anatomical parts named after people

Further Reading

• Sensory Nerve Endings and Sensation - An exploration of the discovery and implications of Ruffini's findings.
• The Neuroscientific Principles of Swaddling - Discussing the role of Ruffini corpuscles in the comforting effects of swaddling.

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