Router (computing)

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A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g., the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.

Functionality

Routers operate in two different planes:

• Control plane: In this plane, the router learns the outgoing interface that is most appropriate for forwarding specific packets to specific destinations.
• Forwarding plane: In this plane, the router forwards packets from one network interface to another.

Types of Routers

Routers can be classified into several types based on their functionality and application:

• Core routers: These are used by Internet service providers (ISPs) and are designed to operate in the core or backbone of the Internet.
• Edge routers: These are placed at the edge of the ISP network and connect to external networks.
• Home routers: These are used in residential settings to connect home networks to the Internet.
• Wireless routers: These provide wireless connectivity to devices within a network.

Routing Protocols

Routers use various routing protocols to determine the best path for forwarding packets. Some common routing protocols include:

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Components

A typical router consists of several key components:

• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Memory: This includes RAM, NVRAM, and Flash memory.
• Interfaces: These can be Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or other types of network interfaces.

Security

Routers play a crucial role in network security. They can be configured with firewalls, VPNs, and other security measures to protect the network from unauthorized access and attacks.

See also

• Switch (computing)
• Network hub
• Modem
• Access point
• Network topology

Related Pages

• Computer network
• Internet Protocol
• Local area network
• Wide area network
• Network address translation