Rumination disorder

Rumination disorder is a rare and chronic eating disorder characterized by the repeated regurgitation and re-chewing of food. This condition is not due to a medical condition such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or pyloric stenosis. It can affect individuals at any age, but is most commonly observed in infants and those with intellectual disabilities.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of rumination disorder is the repeated regurgitation of food. After eating, individuals with this disorder will effortlessly bring up the food from their stomach back into their mouth. The regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out. This behavior must occur for at least one month to meet the diagnostic criteria for rumination disorder.

Other symptoms may include:

• Malnutrition
• Weight loss
• Halitosis (bad breath)
• Tooth decay
• Repeated stomachaches
• Indigestion
• Raw and chapped lips

Causes

The exact cause of rumination disorder is unknown. However, it is believed to be a learned behavior or a response to feelings of comfort or soothing. Some theories suggest that it may be related to a lack of stimulation or attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of rumination disorder involves ruling out other potential causes of regurgitation, such as GERD, pyloric stenosis, and other gastrointestinal disorders. A thorough medical history and physical examination are typically conducted. In some cases, a psychological evaluation may also be necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for rumination disorder typically involves behavioral therapy techniques, such as diaphragmatic breathing or habit reversal training. The goal of treatment is to replace the rumination behavior with more adaptive behaviors. In some cases, medications may be used to manage associated conditions such as anxiety or depression.

See also

• Eating disorders
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Pyloric stenosis