Ruptured eardrum

Ruptured Eardrum

A ruptured eardrum, also known as a tympanic membrane perforation, is a condition where there is a tear or hole in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear. The eardrum is crucial for hearing as it vibrates when sound waves hit it, which in turn, allows us to hear. A rupture in this membrane can lead to hearing loss, pain, and sometimes infections.

Causes

The causes of a ruptured eardrum can vary, including:

• Infections in the ear that lead to the buildup of fluids and increased pressure on the eardrum.
• Physical trauma to the ear, such as a severe blow to the head, sudden changes in air pressure (barotrauma), or inserting objects too far into the ear canal.
• Loud sounds or blasts (acoustic trauma), which can create shock waves capable of tearing the eardrum.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a ruptured eardrum may include:

• Sudden sharp ear pain or a sudden relief from ear pain
• Ear drainage that may be clear, bloody, or pus-filled
• Hearing loss in the affected ear
• Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)
• Dizziness or vertigo

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a ruptured eardrum typically involves a visual inspection using an instrument called an otoscope. A healthcare provider may also perform hearing tests to assess the impact on hearing.

Treatment

Treatment for a ruptured eardrum may include:

• Keeping the ear dry to prevent infection
• Prescribing antibiotics if an infection is present or likely
• Using over-the-counter pain relievers to manage pain
• In some cases, surgical repair (tympanoplasty) may be necessary if the perforation does not heal on its own.

Prevention

Preventive measures include avoiding inserting objects into the ear, protecting ears from loud noises, and treating ear infections promptly.

Complications

If left untreated, a ruptured eardrum can lead to chronic ear infections and permanent hearing loss. It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have this condition.