Ruthenium

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Ruthenium crystals
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-chloride-powder
Grubbs catalyst Gen2
Ru-intercalated halloysite nanotubes 3
Polynbornene
RuCl(S,S-TsDPEN)(cymene)-catalysed R,R-hydrobenzoin synthesis

Ruthenium is a chemical element with the symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals and is usually found in ores with other platinum group metals in the Ural Mountains, North and South America. It is used in various industrial applications, including electrical contacts and electroplating, due to its significant hardness, resistance to corrosion, and electrical conductivity.

Properties[edit | edit source]

Ruthenium is a hard, white metal that does not tarnish at room temperatures, maintaining its luster in most air and water conditions. It has a melting point of about 2334 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of about 4150 degrees Celsius. This metal exhibits a wide range of oxidation states, from -2 to +8, making it versatile for chemical reactions, especially in catalysis.

Occurrence[edit | edit source]

Ruthenium is one of the least abundant elements in the Earth's crust. It is primarily obtained as a by-product of nickel and platinum mining. The extraction of ruthenium is complex, involving several chemical processes to isolate it from other platinum group metals.

Applications[edit | edit source]

Ruthenium has several important applications. In chemistry, it serves as a catalyst for hydrogenation and other types of chemical reactions. In electronics, it is used for making thick-film resistors and electrical contacts because of its good conductivity and durability. Ruthenium is also used in the chemical industry for its catalytic properties, particularly in the production of ammonia and acetic acid.

In recent years, ruthenium has found use in medicine, particularly in cancer treatment. Compounds containing ruthenium show promise in chemotherapy, targeting cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. Additionally, its compounds are being studied for potential use in solar energy conversion and storage technologies.

Health and Safety[edit | edit source]

Ruthenium compounds can be hazardous to health if ingested or inhaled. They can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Safe handling practices and appropriate protective equipment are recommended when working with ruthenium compounds.

Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]

Ruthenium has a low environmental impact compared to many other metals. It is not considered a major environmental pollutant, partly because of its low abundance and limited mobility in the environment. However, like all metals, responsible disposal and recycling practices should be followed to minimize any potential environmental effects.



Stub icon

This chemical element related article is a stub. You can help WikiMD by expanding it.

WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD