SLAMF7

SLAMF7 (Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family member 7), also known as CD319 or CRACC (CD2-like receptor-activating cytotoxic cells), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF7 gene. This protein is a member of the SLAM (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule) family, which plays a critical role in the immune system, particularly in the activation and regulation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. SLAMF7 is predominantly expressed on NK cells, plasma cells, and some subsets of T cells.

Function

SLAMF7 functions as a self-ligand receptor that can either activate or inhibit immune cell responses depending on the cellular context. In NK cells, it acts primarily as an activating receptor, enhancing the cytotoxic activity against tumor cells or infected cells. In contrast, in T cells, SLAMF7's role can vary between activation and inhibition, influencing the balance of immune responses. The interaction of SLAMF7 with its ligands leads to the activation of various signaling pathways, including those involving SAP (SLAM-associated protein) adaptors, which are crucial for mediating its effects on immune cell function.

Clinical Significance

SLAMF7 has gained attention in the field of oncology, particularly in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. The monoclonal antibody Elotuzumab, which targets SLAMF7, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma in combination with other therapies. Elotuzumab works by directly activating NK cells through SLAMF7, enhancing their ability to kill myeloma cells. Additionally, it flags myeloma cells for destruction by the immune system through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Genetics

The SLAMF7 gene is located on human chromosome 1q23.2. It is part of the SLAM gene family, which includes several other genes involved in immune regulation. Variations in the SLAMF7 gene may influence the expression and function of the protein, potentially impacting immune responses and susceptibility to diseases, although more research is needed to fully understand these relationships.

Research Directions

Research on SLAMF7 continues to explore its broader implications in immune regulation and its potential as a therapeutic target in other diseases beyond multiple myeloma. Studies are investigating the role of SLAMF7 in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and other types of cancer, aiming to uncover new therapeutic strategies that modulate the immune system for disease treatment and prevention.