SLC2A5
SLC2A5 is a gene that encodes the protein known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5. This protein is part of the GLUT family of transporters, which are responsible for the transport of glucose and other hexoses across cell membranes.
Function[edit | edit source]
The SLC2A5 gene product, also known as GLUT5, is primarily involved in the transport of fructose. Unlike other members of the GLUT family, GLUT5 has a high specificity for fructose and does not transport glucose. This transporter is predominantly expressed in the small intestine, where it facilitates the absorption of dietary fructose. It is also found in other tissues such as the kidney, testis, and adipose tissue.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The SLC2A5 gene is located on chromosome 1 in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein with 12 transmembrane helices, which is a characteristic feature of the GLUT family of transporters. The structure of GLUT5 allows it to specifically bind and transport fructose across the cell membrane.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations or dysregulation of the SLC2A5 gene can lead to disorders related to fructose metabolism. For instance, an overexpression of GLUT5 has been implicated in conditions such as fructose malabsorption and certain types of cancer, where increased fructose uptake can support the rapid growth of cancer cells.
Regulation[edit | edit source]
The expression of SLC2A5 is regulated by various factors, including dietary intake of fructose and hormonal signals. For example, high levels of dietary fructose can upregulate the expression of GLUT5 in the small intestine, enhancing the body's ability to absorb fructose.
Research[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which SLC2A5 is regulated and its role in health and disease. Studies are also exploring potential therapeutic targets within the fructose transport pathway for conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cancer.
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