SYNM

Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)

Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. It is a member of the synaptic vesicle protein family and is encoded by the SV2A gene in humans. SV2A is widely expressed in the brain and is essential for normal synaptic function.

Structure

SV2A is a transmembrane protein that is primarily located in the membrane of synaptic vesicles. It consists of 12 transmembrane domains, with both the N-terminus and C-terminus located in the cytoplasm. The protein is glycosylated, which is important for its stability and function.

Function

SV2A is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses. It is thought to act as a transporter or a regulator of vesicle trafficking, although its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. SV2A is known to bind to synaptotagmin, a protein that is critical for the calcium-dependent release of neurotransmitters.

SV2A is also the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, which is used to treat epilepsy. The interaction between levetiracetam and SV2A is believed to modulate synaptic transmission and reduce seizure activity.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the SV2A gene have been associated with epilepsy and other neurological disorders. The protein's role in neurotransmitter release makes it a target for therapeutic interventions in epilepsy and potentially other conditions involving synaptic dysfunction.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise role of SV2A in synaptic vesicle cycling and its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies using SV2A knockout models have provided insights into its essential role in maintaining normal synaptic function and its involvement in neurological diseases.

Also see

• Synaptic vesicle
• Neurotransmitter release
• Levetiracetam
• Epilepsy
• Synaptotagmin