Sandifer syndrome

Sandifer Syndrome
Specialty	Pediatrics, Neurology
Symptoms	Abnormal movements, GERD, head tilting
Usual onset	Infancy or early childhood
Duration	Variable
Causes	Associated with GERD
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, medical history
Differential diagnosis	Epilepsy, Cerebral palsy
Treatment	Addressing GERD, positional therapy
Prognosis	Generally good
Frequency	Rare

Sandifer Syndrome is a rare pediatric medical disorder characterized by abnormal movements, which are often confused with spasms or seizures, and is closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This syndrome typically presents in infancy or early childhood.

Symptoms and Signs

The primary symptoms of Sandifer Syndrome include severe GERD and specific posturing; children may arch their backs and extend their necks. This posturing is believed to be an attempt to alleviate discomfort caused by acid reflux. Other symptoms may include irritability, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive.

Causes

The exact cause of Sandifer Syndrome is not well understood, but it is closely linked to GERD. The abnormal movements associated with the syndrome are thought to be the body's response to the pain or discomfort of acid reflux.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Sandifer Syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and medical history. It is important to differentiate the condition from other disorders such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy, which can present with similar symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment of Sandifer Syndrome focuses on managing GERD, which can significantly reduce the symptoms of the syndrome. This may involve the use of medications to reduce stomach acidity or surgery in severe cases. Positional therapy, such as keeping the child upright after feeding, can also be beneficial.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with Sandifer Syndrome is generally good, especially when GERD is effectively managed. Most children outgrow the symptoms as their gastrointestinal tract matures.

See Also

• Pediatric neurology
• Gastroenterology