Sandifer syndrome
| Sandifer Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics, Neurology |
| Symptoms | Abnormal movements, GERD, head tilting |
| Complications | |
| Onset | Infancy or early childhood |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | |
| Causes | Associated with GERD |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms, medical history |
| Differential diagnosis | Epilepsy, Cerebral palsy |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Addressing GERD, positional therapy |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Generally good |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
Sandifer Syndrome is a rare pediatric medical disorder characterized by abnormal movements, which are often confused with spasms or seizures, and is closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This syndrome typically presents in infancy or early childhood.
Symptoms and Signs[edit | edit source]
The primary symptoms of Sandifer Syndrome include severe GERD and specific posturing; children may arch their backs and extend their necks. This posturing is believed to be an attempt to alleviate discomfort caused by acid reflux. Other symptoms may include irritability, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of Sandifer Syndrome is not well understood, but it is closely linked to GERD. The abnormal movements associated with the syndrome are thought to be the body's response to the pain or discomfort of acid reflux.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of Sandifer Syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and medical history. It is important to differentiate the condition from other disorders such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy, which can present with similar symptoms.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of Sandifer Syndrome focuses on managing GERD, which can significantly reduce the symptoms of the syndrome. This may involve the use of medications to reduce stomach acidity or surgery in severe cases. Positional therapy, such as keeping the child upright after feeding, can also be beneficial.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for children with Sandifer Syndrome is generally good, especially when GERD is effectively managed. Most children outgrow the symptoms as their gastrointestinal tract matures.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
