Sanguinarine

Sanguinarine

Sanguinarine is a toxic alkaloid that is found in plants from the Papaveraceae family, such as the bloodroot plant (Sanguinaria canadensis), and in the Chelidonium majus, or greater celandine plant. It is named for its red color, which is reminiscent of blood (sanguis is Latin for "blood").

Chemical Structure and Properties

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, which means it has a complex, multi-ring structure. It is a strong base, and it forms salts with acids. In its pure form, it is a fine, red powder. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform.

Biological Effects

Sanguinarine has a number of biological effects. It is a potent antimicrobial, and it has been used in toothpastes and mouthwashes for its ability to kill bacteria in the mouth. It also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is toxic and can cause a range of symptoms if ingested, including nausea, vomiting, and even death in high doses.

Medical Uses

Despite its toxicity, sanguinarine has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including skin diseases, warts, and tumors. However, its use is controversial due to its potential for toxicity, and it is not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any medical uses.

Toxicity

Sanguinarine is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms of sanguinarine poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can cause respiratory failure and death.

See Also

• Papaveraceae
• Alkaloid
• Bloodroot
• Chelidonium majus