Sankardev

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Sankardev-genealogy

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Narrative Curtain Depicting Avatars of Vishnu (Vrindavani vastra) LACMA AC1995.94.1

Sankardev (1449–1568), also known as Srimanta Sankardeva, was a 15th-16th century Assamese polymath, spiritual leader, social reformer, poet, playwright, and a figure of great importance in the cultural and religious history of Assam, India. He is widely credited with leading a cultural renaissance in Assam by developing a new devotional movement called Ekasarana Dharma, which emphasized monotheism and bhakti (devotion) to Vishnu. His contributions have had a lasting impact on Assamese culture, literature, and religion, making him a revered figure in Assam and among followers of the Ekasarana Dharma and Mahapuruxiya Dharma.

Early Life

Sankardev was born in 1449 in Alipukhuri, near Bordowa in present-day Nagaon district of Assam. His parents were Kusumbar Bhuyan and Satyasandhya. He was orphaned at an early age and raised by his grandmother. Sankardev displayed a keen intellect and a deep interest in spirituality and religion from his early years.

Education and Pilgrimage

Sankardev received his initial education from his village teacher and later went on to study at a tol (traditional Assamese school) where he learned Sanskrit, the Bhagavata Purana, and other religious texts. His quest for spiritual knowledge led him on a 12-year pilgrimage across various parts of India, including significant religious sites in North India and East India. This pilgrimage played a crucial role in shaping his religious and philosophical beliefs.

Formation of Ekasarana Dharma

Upon his return to Assam, Sankardev began preaching the ideals of bhakti and monotheism, which culminated in the establishment of the Ekasarana Dharma. This new religious movement rejected caste distinctions, ritual sacrifices, and idol worship, emphasizing instead the worship of Vishnu (specifically as Krishna) through devotional songs and community prayers. Sankardev's teachings were based on the Bhagavata Purana and his own compositions, which included devotional songs (Borgeet), dramas (Ankiya Nat), and literary works.

Cultural Contributions

Sankardev's impact on Assamese culture is profound. He introduced the Sattriya dance, which was initially a part of the religious rituals but later evolved into a classical dance form of India. He also developed the Ankiya Nat (one-act plays), which combined elements of traditional folk theatre with his own philosophical and religious teachings. His literary contributions include the composition of Kirtan Ghosa, a collection of devotional songs, and translations of religious texts into Assamese, making them accessible to the common people.

Legacy

Sankardev passed away in 1568, but his legacy endures through the Ekasarana Dharma and its institutions, the Satras (monastic centers), which continue to be vibrant centers of Assamese culture and spirituality. His teachings and works have inspired generations of Assamese people and have played a crucial role in shaping the socio-cultural fabric of Assam.

Sankardev's life and works are celebrated annually in Assam through various cultural and religious events, reflecting his enduring influence on the Assamese identity and heritage.

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