Sarafotoxin

Sarafotoxin is a potent vasoconstrictor and cardiotoxin found in the venom of the Israeli burrowing asp, also known as the sarafan snake. It is a member of the endothelin family of proteins, which are primarily responsible for the regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in the body.

Structure and Function

Sarafotoxin is a peptide composed of 21 amino acids. It shares a similar structure with the human endothelins, particularly endothelin-1, which is the most potent vasoconstrictor in the human body. The structural similarity allows sarafotoxin to bind to the endothelin receptors in the human body, leading to intense vasoconstriction and cardiotoxic effects.

Toxicity

The toxicity of sarafotoxin is primarily due to its potent vasoconstrictive and cardiotoxic effects. When introduced into the body, it can cause a rapid increase in blood pressure, leading to hypertension. In severe cases, it can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. The lethal dose of sarafotoxin is extremely low, making it one of the most potent toxins known.

Treatment and Antidote

There is currently no specific antidote for sarafotoxin poisoning. Treatment is primarily supportive and aimed at managing the symptoms. This may include the use of vasodilators to counteract the vasoconstrictive effects of the toxin, and antihypertensive drugs to manage high blood pressure.

Research and Potential Uses

Despite its toxicity, sarafotoxin has potential therapeutic uses. Its ability to bind to endothelin receptors has made it a useful tool in the study of the endothelin system. Additionally, it has potential applications in the treatment of certain cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

See Also

• Atractaspis engaddensis
• Endothelin
• Vasoconstriction
• Cardiotoxin

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