Schaffer collateral
Schaffer collateral[edit | edit source]
The Schaffer collateral is a set of axon projections from the CA3 region of the hippocampus to the CA1 region. These projections are a crucial part of the trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus, which is involved in the processing of memory and spatial navigation. The Schaffer collateral pathway is known for its role in synaptic plasticity, particularly in the phenomenon of long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The Schaffer collaterals originate from the pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. These axons travel through the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region, where they form synapses with the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The pathway is named after the German anatomist Karl Schaffer, who first described these connections.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the Schaffer collateral pathway is to transmit information from the CA3 to the CA1 region of the hippocampus. This transmission is essential for the integration and processing of information within the hippocampal formation. The Schaffer collaterals are involved in the encoding and retrieval of episodic memory and play a significant role in the formation of spatial memory.
Synaptic Plasticity[edit | edit source]
The Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse is a well-studied model for investigating synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) at these synapses is a widely used experimental paradigm for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. LTP is characterized by a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. This process involves changes in neurotransmitter release, receptor sensitivity, and gene expression.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Alterations in the function of the Schaffer collateral pathway have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Understanding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
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