Schatzki's ring

Schatzki's ring, also known as B-ring or esophageal ring, is a medical condition characterized by the formation of a ring-like constriction in the lower part of the esophagus. This condition can lead to difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), especially for solid foods, and is considered a type of esophageal stricture.

Causes

The exact cause of Schatzki's ring is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Long-term exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid can lead to the formation of scar tissue, which may contribute to the development of the ring.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Schatzki's ring is intermittent dysphagia for solid foods. Individuals may describe a sensation of food being stuck in the lower part of their throat or chest. In some cases, Schatzki's ring may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during investigations for other conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Schatzki's ring typically involves endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth to visualize the esophagus. During this procedure, the presence of a ring-like constriction can be confirmed. Barium swallow studies, where individuals swallow a barium-containing liquid that coats the esophagus and is visible on X-rays, can also demonstrate the ring.

Treatment

Treatment options for Schatzki's ring include endoscopic dilation, where the ring is stretched using balloons or dilators passed through an endoscope. This procedure can relieve symptoms but may need to be repeated if the ring narrows again. In cases associated with GERD, treatment of the underlying acid reflux with medications like proton pump inhibitors may also be beneficial.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with Schatzki's ring is generally good. Symptom relief can usually be achieved through dilation procedures, and management of associated GERD can help prevent recurrence.