Scrimshaw

Whale Tooth Scrimshaw State Library of New South Wales SAFE DR 40

Carved whalebone whistle dated 1821. London. 8 cm long

Walrus scrimshaw

Scrimshaw Walrus Tusks Closeup1

Scrimshaw Walrus Tusks Closeup2

Scrimshaw cribbage board. Museum of Anthropology. Vancouver. 2010

Scrimshaw is a traditional form of artwork that originated among the whalers in the early 18th century. It involves the carving or engraving of intricate designs on the byproducts of whales, such as bones and teeth, most notably the ivory of sperm whale teeth. The term "scrimshaw" can also refer to the items produced by this craft. The art form has a rich history, closely tied to the whaling industry, and has evolved over time to include a variety of materials and subjects.

History

The origins of scrimshaw are closely linked to the whaling industry, which reached its peak in the 19th century. Sailors on long whaling voyages would pass the time by carving and engraving whale bones and teeth, creating both practical items and works of art. Early scrimshaw pieces were often utilitarian objects, such as sewing tools, knife handles, and nautical instruments, decorated with nautical themes, portraits, and whaling scenes.

As the whaling industry declined, scrimshaw evolved into a more formal art form, with artists using more advanced techniques and a wider range of subjects. Today, scrimshaw is recognized as an important folk art, with collectors and museums around the world appreciating its historical and artistic value.

Techniques

Traditional scrimshaw is created by incising or engraving a design into the surface of ivory or bone and then rubbing a pigment, such as lampblack or ink, into the grooves to enhance the visibility of the design. Modern scrimshaw artists may also use other materials, such as plastic or resin, to create similar effects.

Materials

The most commonly used material in traditional scrimshaw is the ivory from sperm whale teeth. However, due to international regulations aimed at protecting endangered species, the use of whale ivory has become restricted. Contemporary artists often use alternative materials, such as fossilized ivory from mammoths, synthetic materials, or legally obtained animal bones and teeth.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

The trade and possession of scrimshaw, especially those made from whale ivory, are subject to international laws and regulations. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and various national laws aim to protect endangered species, including whales, by regulating the trade of ivory and other animal products. Collectors and artists must navigate these legal frameworks to ensure that their work and collections are legally obtained and traded.

Contemporary Scrimshaw

Today, scrimshaw is practiced by both traditional and contemporary artists who often explore a wide range of themes beyond the nautical and whaling scenes of the past. Modern scrimshaw continues to be a popular form of nautical art, with artists and collectors alike appreciating its historical roots and intricate beauty.

See Also

• Whaling
• Ivory trade
• Folk art
• Nautical art