Sealing wax

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Sealing wax on letters

Sealing wax is a wax material of a seal which, after melting, hardens quickly (to paper, parchment, ribbons and wire, and other materials) forming a bond that is difficult to separate without noticeable tampering. Sealing wax is used to close an envelope, parcel or to affix a seal to documents, ensuring the confidentiality or the authenticity of the document or item it is applied to. Historically, sealing wax was used to seal letters and later, from about the 16th century, envelopes.

History

The use of sealing wax has a long history, dating back to ancient times. The earliest known use of sealing wax was in the Mesopotamian civilization, where it was used to seal containers and letters. The practice spread to the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, who used it for various purposes, including sealing important documents. In the Middle Ages, sealing wax was commonly used in Europe for legal documents, royal decrees, and personal correspondence. The composition of sealing wax varied over time, initially being made of beeswax and resin, and later incorporating shellac and turpentine to improve the seal's durability and flexibility.

Composition

Traditional sealing wax was made from a combination of beeswax, Venice turpentine, and coloring matter, such as vermilion for red wax or verdigris for green wax. The introduction of shellac in the 16th century allowed for the creation of harder waxes that could withstand the rigors of postal handling. Modern sealing waxes have diversified and may include various types of resins, waxes, and oils, allowing them to be used with a glue gun for ease of application.

Types

There are several types of sealing wax, each with different properties and uses:

• Traditional Wax: This type requires a wax seal stamp and is melted over a flame. It is known for its traditional appearance and strong bond but can be brittle.
• Flexible Wax: Made with added resins or oils, this wax is more flexible than traditional wax, making it suitable for mailing as it can withstand the handling of postal services.
• Glue Gun Wax: This type of wax is designed to be melted in a glue gun, allowing for easy application. It is a modern adaptation that combines the traditional look of sealing wax with the convenience of a glue gun.
• Faux Wax: Made from plastic or other synthetic materials, faux wax mimics the appearance of traditional sealing wax but may not offer the same texture or quality.

Usage

Sealing wax is used in various applications, from personal letters to official documents. The process of applying sealing wax involves melting the wax, usually with a wax stick or a spoon over a flame, and then pouring it onto the document or envelope. A seal or stamp is then pressed into the warm wax, leaving an impression. Once cooled, the wax hardens, creating a seal that must be broken to access the document or item.

Cultural Significance

The use of sealing wax has declined with the advent of pre-gummed envelopes and electronic communication. However, it remains a symbol of authenticity, confidentiality, and tradition. It is often used in formal invitations, wedding stationery, and by notaries and governments to seal official documents. The act of sealing a document with wax adds a personal touch and a sense of ceremony to the communication.

See Also

• Wax seal stamp
• Notary public
• Parchment
• Envelope

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