Second-generation antidepressant

Second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressant drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. These drugs are also known as "newer" or "atypical" antidepressants. They include Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and others such as mirtazapine and bupropion.

Overview

Second-generation antidepressants were developed with the aim of improving on the efficacy and safety profile of the first-generation antidepressants, which include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). They are generally considered to have fewer side effects and are safer in overdose compared to first-generation antidepressants.

Mechanism of Action

Second-generation antidepressants work by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine. SSRIs work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. SNRIs block the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Other second-generation antidepressants have different mechanisms of action. For example, mirtazapine increases the release of norepinephrine and serotonin, while bupropion inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Efficacy

Second-generation antidepressants are generally considered to be as effective as first-generation antidepressants in treating major depressive disorder. However, individual response to these drugs can vary greatly, and some people may find one drug more effective than another.

Side Effects

Common side effects of second-generation antidepressants include nausea, dry mouth, and sexual dysfunction. These side effects are generally less severe and occur less frequently than with first-generation antidepressants. However, they can still be bothersome and may lead to discontinuation of treatment in some cases.

See Also

• First-generation antidepressants
• Major depressive disorder
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors