Secondary systemic amyloidosis

Secondary systemic amyloidosis (also known as AA amyloidosis) is a form of amyloidosis, a disease characterized by the abnormal deposition of fibers of insoluble proteins, known as amyloid, in the tissues and organs of the body. Secondary systemic amyloidosis specifically refers to the form of the disease that occurs as a secondary condition, typically in association with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and tuberculosis.

Etiology

Secondary systemic amyloidosis is caused by the continuous overproduction and deposition of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein, an acute-phase reactant that is produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and tuberculosis, can lead to the persistent overproduction of SAA, which can then form amyloid deposits in various tissues and organs.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of secondary systemic amyloidosis can vary widely, depending on the organs and tissues affected by amyloid deposition. Common symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and edema. If the kidneys are affected, which is common in secondary systemic amyloidosis, symptoms can include proteinuria and renal failure. If the heart is affected, symptoms can include heart failure and arrhythmias.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of secondary systemic amyloidosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Biopsy of affected tissues, showing the presence of amyloid deposits, is the definitive diagnostic test. Special staining techniques, such as Congo red staining, can be used to visualize the amyloid deposits under a microscope.

Treatment

The treatment of secondary systemic amyloidosis primarily involves treating the underlying inflammatory disease, in order to reduce the production of SAA. This can involve the use of anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressive drugs, and biologic agents. In severe cases, organ transplantation may be necessary.

See Also

• Amyloidosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Tuberculosis

Secondary systemic amyloidosis Resources
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